What is Gilbert's Syndrome?
Gilbert's Syndrome is a common, harmless liver condition in which the liver doesn't process bilirubin properly. Bilirubin is a yellow substance formed when red blood cells break down. It's normally processed by the liver and excreted in stool.
People with Gilbert's Syndrome have slightly higher levels of bilirubin in their blood, which can sometimes cause mild yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice). However, many people with Gilbert's Syndrome don't experience any symptoms at all.
What Causes Gilbert's Syndrome?
Gilbert's Syndrome is caused by a mutation in the UGT1A1 gene, which provides instructions for making an enzyme that helps process bilirubin. The mutation reduces the activity of this enzyme, leading to higher levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood.
This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means you need to inherit the mutated gene from both parents to develop Gilbert's Syndrome.
Symptoms of Gilbert's Syndrome
Many people with Gilbert's Syndrome don't experience any symptoms. However, some may experience mild jaundice, particularly during times of stress, illness, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Other symptoms that some people with Gilbert's Syndrome report include:
- Fatigue
- Abdominal discomfort
- Difficulty concentrating
- Dizziness
Diagnosing Gilbert's Syndrome
Gilbert's Syndrome is often discovered by chance during routine blood tests that show slightly elevated bilirubin levels. If other liver function tests are normal, and there are no signs of liver disease or excessive red blood cell breakdown, Gilbert's Syndrome may be diagnosed.
Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying the mutation in the UGT1A1 gene.
Living with Gilbert's Syndrome
Gilbert's Syndrome is a benign condition that doesn't require treatment. However, understanding the condition can help you manage any mild symptoms that may occur.
It's important to inform healthcare providers about your Gilbert's Syndrome diagnosis, especially before undergoing any procedures or starting new medications, as it might affect how your body processes certain drugs.
Remember, Gilbert's Syndrome doesn't increase your risk of liver disease and doesn't lead to liver damage. Most people with Gilbert's Syndrome live normal, healthy lives.